Fix Orphaned Words in English Text Using JavaScript

Orphaned words—tiny prepositions or conjunctions stuck at the end of a line—can make English text look awkward. This simple JavaScript snippet scans your content and replaces normal spaces with non-breaking spaces ( ) after certain short words. It’s especially useful for better typography on blogs and publishing platforms.

✍️ JavaScript Code to Fix Orphans

      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
  const elements = document.querySelectorAll('p, span, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, li, dt, dd');

  const smallWords = [
    'a', 'an', 'and', 'as', 'at', 'but', 'by', 'for', 'if', 'in', 'of',
    'on', 'or', 'the', 'to', 'up', 'with'
  ];

  elements.forEach(el => {
    const walker = document.createTreeWalker(el, NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT);
    const nodes = [];
    while (walker.nextNode()) nodes.push(walker.currentNode);

    nodes.forEach(node => {
      node.nodeValue = node.nodeValue.replace(/(^|\s)([a-zA-Z]{1,3})\s/g, (match, space, word) => {
        return smallWords.includes(word.toLowerCase())
          ? space + word + '\u00A0'
          : match;
      });
    });
  });
});
    

🔍 How It Works

1. Target Text Nodes

Selects common text containers like paragraphs, headers, list items, etc.

2. Word List

The smallWords array contains prepositions, articles, and conjunctions typically best kept with the next word.

3. TreeWalker Usage

This safely walks all text nodes inside an element—including deeply nested ones.

4. Regular Expression

It looks for 1–3 letter words ([a-zA-Z](1, 3)) followed by a space. If the word is in smallWords, that space is replaced with \u00A0.

✅ Example

Before:
“This is an example of a text with orphaned words at the end of lines.”

After:
“This is an example of a text with orphaned words…”

💡 Customize It

• Add more tags to the querySelectorAll.
• Add more words to smallWords depending on your style guide.
• Tweak the regex for longer or shorter words.

⚠️ Limitations

Not all orphaning issues are fixable with JS. Combine this with CSS (overflow-wrap, hyphens) and good layout practices for best results.

This solution helps your English text look cleaner and more professional—especially in long-form content or when typography matters.