Mastering Monorepos - Creating a Monorepo Using Npm, Yarn, Pnpm, and Bun Workspaces

In this guide, we will explore how to set up a monorepo that combines NestJS(server) and ReactJS(client), leveraging different package managers: npm, yarn, pnpm, and bun. Monorepos offer a way to manage multiple projects in a single repository, enhancing collaboration and simplifying dependency management. Let's dive into the steps!

What You Will Learn

• Understanding monorepos and their benefits.
• Setting up a monorepo structure.
• Configuring NestJS and ReactJS within the monorepo.
• Managing dependencies with npm, Yarn, pnpm, and Bun workspaces.

1. Understanding Monorepos

Monorepos allow you to manage multiple projects within a single repository, promoting code sharing, consistent tooling, and streamlined development processes. This structure is especially beneficial for large applications or organizations with several related projects.

2. Setting Up the Monorepo Structure

Step 1: Create a new folder

Create a new directory for your monorepo and initialize it.

Step 2: Initialize the Monorepo

Next, add server and client folders, and initialize them.

This will create 2 new folders with package.json file, and 2 folders: server and client inside the node_modules directory.

pnpm

yarn

bun

Step 3: Installing Workspace Dependencies

Install the dependencies for all packages listed in the workspace configuration.

pnpm

yarn

bun

Step 4: Listing Dependencies Across Workspaces

Display the dependencies for all workspaces.

pnpm

A pnpm workspace must have a pnpm-workspace.yaml file in its root.

Add this code:

1 - 'packages/client/*'
2 - 'packages/server/*'

yarn

bun

Add this code to package.json:

1 "workspaces": [
2     "packages/client",
3     "packages/server",
4   ]

then

3. Install the ReactJS as client

We will use vite for creating a new react app with typescript

1 √ Current directory is not empty. Please choose how to proceed: » Remove existing files and continue
2 √ Select a framework: » React
3 √ Select a variant: » TypeScript + SWC

The current structure of your project now looks like this:

pnpm

In pnpm, you will need to open a specific package

yarn

bun

4. Install the NestJS as server

Initialize the NestJS instance

pnpm

Don't forget to rename the names of the packages.

yarn

Bun

5. Create separate NestJs project

We need to create a new project to copy the starter files from it.

Now copy all files from the root directory as well as the src directory.

then run

6. Test the backend and frontend

Don't forget to rename the names of package.json to server, or client.

Let's test the packages...

ReactJS test

NestJS test

pnpm

yarn

Bun

7. Install server on client side

We will connect to the server by installing the server to the client as a dependency

or add the dependency to the package.json file

1 "dependencies": {
2     "react": "^18.3.1",
3     "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
4     "server": "*"
5   },

then run again

This way, you can utilize shared types and interfaces.

pnpm

yarn

bun

Connect the frontend to the server

Enable Cors in NestJS

Add this code to main.ts file on NestJS server

1 async function bootstrap() {
2   const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule);
3   app.enableCors();
4   await app.listen(3000);
5 }

Now run the backend:

Connect client to server

First change the App.tsx file

1 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
2 import './App.css';
3 
4 function App() {
5   const [data, setData] = useState('');
6 
7   useEffect(() => {
8     const getData = async () => {
9       const response = await fetch('http://localhost:3000');
10       const data = await response.text();
11       setData(data);
12     };
13     getData();
14   }, []);
15 
16   return <>{data}</>;
17 }
18 
19 export default App;

We use the response.text() method because it returns a string instead of JSON.

Now run

Resources

npm workspaces | pnpm workspaces | yarn workspaces | bun workspaces

Conclusion

By setting up a monorepo with NestJS and ReactJs, you streamline your development process, making it easier to share code and manage dependencies. This setup can significantly enhance productivity, especially in larger projects. Explore further by integrating shared libraries or tools to maximize the benefits of your monorepo structure!

Creating a monorepo using npm, Yarn, pnpm, or Bun workspaces provides an efficient way to manage multiple projects within a single repository. By centralizing dependencies, simplifying code sharing, and enhancing collaboration across teams, monorepos streamline development workflows. Each package manager offers unique strengths, allowing you to choose the tool that best fits your project needs. Whether you’re working with small or large-scale applications, adopting a monorepo structure can improve productivity, consistency, and maintainability in your codebase.